@nleadholm presents a broad summary of the connection between parallax, binocular disparity, and depth perception, including how disparity for fine-depth is combined with sensorimotor cues of coarse depth. Hojae gives a more detailed description of Structure from Motion, a machine vision algorithm for extracting depth from multiple images.
Just as a point of clarification. In the photogrammetry examples drawn from flikr images, the gps data was too coarse to precisely determine the location of each camera. That data may have been used to gather all images near the monument, and as an initial guess for their location, but the precise placement of the cameras was inferred from the photogrammetry algorithm itself.
Once unique features have been identified in each image, the angular separation between them can be used to very precisely determine the viewing angle (similar to the process described by Niel for the fine tuning of depth via parallax but in three dimensions).